Project Management

Publishing

Entries in child health (2)

Tuesday
Dec082020

Landmark Study Finds Simple Toys Key to Boosting Educational Development and Meeting MDGs | January 2007


African youth need to play more according to a new landmark study published in the UK’s leading medical journal, The Lancet. The study tackles the high rates of illiteracy and educational under-achievement in Africa and finds that malnourishment and lack of stimulation are leaving millions unable to benefit from schooling. It found projects that encouraged learning through play led to children boosting their IQs and getting better reading skills. And it comes up with a very simple and low-cost solution – but excellent opportunity for entrepreneurs – toys and play.

“These are not high tech interventions,” said team leader for the study, Professor Sally McGregor of the Institute of Child Health of University College London. “Research over decades in Jamaica (and other countries) has shown that women with only primary school-level education and a few home made toys can be trained to make a significant difference in the education, intelligence and mental health of disadvantaged children. The Millennium Goal of universal primary education for all cannot be met unless these children’s poor development is tackled.”

The paper – Strategies to Avoid the Loss of Developmental Potential among Over 200 Million Children in the Developing World – is published in three parts in the journal.

Twenty projects around the world were evaluated for the benefits they produce for children under five who use toys. McGregor, who has set up several projects in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda designing and constructing toys using whatever materials are available, was appalled by the widespread neglect of play throughout these countries. With play, the study found children read better, have better mental health and better self-esteem. In Africa it is ‘desperate, really desperate’ she says.

African primary school enrolments and literacy rates are among the lowest in the world, with over 42 million school children in sub-Saharan Africa not enrolled in school, and many children not able to afford to go or stay in primary school. Today a little more than half of African adults are literate and some 60 per cent of children go to school, according to UNESCO. The agency has forecasted the need for an additional 1.6 million teachers in Sub-Saharan African classrooms by 2015 – an increase of 68 percent.

The materials used to construct the toys do not need to be expensive or sophisticated. Toys can be constructed from banana trees, mud, corn on the cob, old plastic bottles, or cloth and straw dolls. It is key that the toys are safe for children under five and that anyone building such toys for sale must follow existing manuals.

McGregor continues: ‘One mother in a village was doing marvellous things with tiny scraps of material to make a doll. She received no recognition in the village for the work she was doing yet it was so important. It doesn’t take much – dolls or simple wooden blocks – they are so versatile. You see schools with nothing – it is unforgivable. The problem is how poor these people are – food just takes priority over toys – it is that stark.”

Locally produced toys are key to resolving this crisis for several reasons. Cost is the most important, with those most adversely affected also the least able to pay for toys and who are already living a precarious existence where basic survival takes precedence over play. Another factor is Africa being home to the countries who import the least number of toys: Somalia, Liberia, Togo, Rwanda and Chad. But the situation for African toymakers is often desperate as well, with many craft workers living at the economic margins. Several initiatives have emerged in the last couple of years to address this problem and ensure African toys are local and toymakers earn a living.

Initiatives like the African Toyshop based in Johannesburg, South Africa – a fair trade business – work to ensure African toymakers can make a living and get their wares to as wide a market as possible. The toymakers featured all use natural resources or recycled materials. Most work at the village level and produce toys that are culturally relevant to Africa. The organization COFTA – Cooperation For Fair Trade in Africa – is a network of Fair Trade producer Organizations in Africa involved and working with disadvantaged grassroots producers to eliminate poverty through fair trade. It is an excellent resource for grassroots organizations wanting to work with African toymakers.

Resources:

The UK charity TALC – Teaching-aids At Low Cost – is planning to make available toy making manuals on a CD. Tel: (0) 1727 853869

This website also has excellent resources for budding toy and play area makers in Africa. http://iafrica.com/diy/projects/forkids/

Online exhibition of African toys: African Craft.com

Book: Africa on the Move: Toys from West Africa Stefan Eisenhofer, Karin Guggeis, Jacques Froidevaux Stuttgart, Germany: Arnoldsche, 2004. 216 pp., 195 color, 28 b/w illustrations. $75.00, cloth.

By David South, Development Challenges, South-South Solutions

Published: January 2007

Development Challenges, South-South Solutions was launched as an e-newsletter in 2006 by UNDP's South-South Cooperation Unit (now the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation) based in New York, USA. It led on profiling the rise of the global South as an economic powerhouse and was one of the first regular publications to champion the global South's innovators, entrepreneurs, and pioneers. It tracked the key trends that are now so profoundly reshaping how development is seen and done. This includes the rapid take-up of mobile phones and information technology in the global South (as profiled in the first issue of magazine Southern Innovator), the move to becoming a majority urban world, a growing global innovator culture, and the plethora of solutions being developed in the global South to tackle its problems and improve living conditions and boost human development. The success of the e-newsletter led to the launch of the magazine Southern Innovator.  

Follow @SouthSouth1

Google Books: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=p03--n51i44C&dq=development+challenges+april+2008&source=gbs_navlinks_s 

Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/DavidSouth1/development-challengessouthsouthsolutionsapril2008issue

Southern Innovator Issue 1: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Q1O54YSE2BgC&dq=southern+innovator&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Southern Innovator Issue 2: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ty0N969dcssC&dq=southern+innovator&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Southern Innovator Issue 3: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AQNt4YmhZagC&dq=southern+innovator&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Southern Innovator Issue 4: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9T_n2tA7l4EC&dq=southern+innovator&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Southern Innovator Issue 5: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6ILdAgAAQBAJ&dq=southern+innovator&source=gbs_navlinks_s

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.

 

Thursday
Feb042016

Strategic Change and Design-led Innovation | 5 February 2016

 

Since 1997, David South Consulting (DSC) has been working in the international realm around health, human development and innovation. A number of significant and timely successes were able to leverage far greater change and inspire wider action. Some examples are below:

Southern Innovator 2011-2014

Beginning in 2007, DSC undertook work with the then Special Unit for South-South Cooperation (now the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation - UNOSSC) within UNDP (the UN’s development organization). Through the e-newsletter Development Challenges, South-South Solutions (https://www.scribd.com/collections/2521424/Development-Challenges-South-South-Solutions-English), DSC was able to identify numerous trends that were at the time being overlooked or under-reported; trends that could radically re-shape international development. This included the rapid rise of mobile phones in the global South and their powerful impact on economic development, the rush to cities and urban areas that was turning the world into a majority urban place, and the shift to greater South-South trade, investment and contact. Whereas the past involved people always looking North for inspiration, capital and business and trade relationships, this was shifting to South-South arrangements. And there were plenty of inspirational, modern, 21st century examples of economic, social and human development achievements across the global South to report on. By consistently tracking and chronicling a quiet revolution underway in the global South, the e-newsletter was able to draw attention to a rising 21st-century global innovator culture being shaped by the use of mobile phones and information technologies. Few at the time had grasped how much this was going to reshape the international development paradigm.

To start, the e-newsletter Development Challenges, South-South Solutions (begun in 2006), was used to gather together as many stories, data, trends, and contacts as possible and get this message to as wide a group as possible. Luckily, this coincided with the very moment whole swathes of the global South were coming online, either through connecting with mobile phones or through the Internet. Quickly, it became clear there was not a lack of inspiring stories and innovations and solutions to share, but a lack of resources to communicate them. One solution was to utilise a new publishing tool that emerged in 2007: crowd-powered news services. It became a great way to bypass the stranglehold on news and information held by traditional media. Read more on this here: http://www.scribd.com/doc/251968773/Southern-Innovator-Summary-of-Impact-2011-to-2012

In particular, the e-newsletter caught the eye of those looking for inspiration in the wake of the 2007/2008 global economic crisis:

“Great economic and business reporting! Very helpful for us.” Africa Renewal, Africa Section, Strategic Communications Division, United Nations Department of Public Information

“I just went over your June newsletter. It’s very well done and far reaching. Congratulations!” Violette Ruppanner, Director, 3D -> Trade – Human Rights – Equitable Economy, Geneva, Switzerland

“Just to let you know I enjoyed the newsletter a lot – it was interesting to learn about things going on that I would never otherwise find out about, and also the listing of future conferences and events proved very useful.” Ian Sanderson, Deloitte, Geneva, Switzerland

“Congratulations on another great newsletter that’s packed with fascinating information! I really enjoy getting it each month.” Whitney Harrelson, Making Cents, Washington D.C.

In 2011, a new magazine, Southern Innovator was launched, using the insights gleaned from the e-newsletter. The first issue on mobile phones and information technology was called “a terrific tour de force of what is interesting, cutting edge and relevant in the global mobile/ICT space…”. A further four issues were published on different themes (and launched at global expos around the world), culminating in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) adopting innovation and South-South cooperation as its guiding approach in its new strategic plan for 2014 to 2017 (http://ssc.undp.org/content/dam/ssc/documents/Key%20Policy%20Documents/N1362177.pdf) (UNDP’s second ever). Southern Innovator was cited as one of the reasons for this. Issue 2 of Southern Innovator, on the theme of youth and entrepreneurship, was also cited as a resource in the first-ever UNDP Youth Strategy 2014-2017 (http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/Youth%20Strategy%202014-2017.pdf)  (http://www.youthpolicy.org/library/wp-content/uploads/library/2014_UNDP_Youth_Strategy_Eng.pdf).

In 2013, the global Human Development Report took on the theme “The Rise of the South”: a theme first mooted as a potential cover story for Southern Innovator’s launch issue while in development in 2010 (http://www.davidsouthconsulting.com/blog/2015/7/27/you-heard-it-here-first-influencing-perspectives-on-the-glob.html).

In September 2015 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-34372188), China's President Xi Jinping announced China would spend US $2 billion on South-South cooperation initiatives. This has been called “a ‘game changer’ in international relations” (http://www.ipsnews.net/2015/11/opinion-chinas-new-south-south-funds-a-global-game-changer/). President Xi also said of South-South cooperation, it is: “a great pioneering measure uniting the developing nations together for self-improvement, is featured by equality, mutual trust, mutual benefit, win-win result, solidarity and mutual assistance and can help developing nations pave a new path for development and prosperity.”

Southern Innovator has always tried to inspire others to take action and this has turned out to be the case.

"Beautiful, inspiring magazine from UNDP on South-South innovation. Heart is pumping adrenaline and admiration just reading it”

Once blazing a lonely trail, there are now many places to find stories on global South innovation (The Guardian, SciDev, Devex, Business Fights Poverty, Zunia etc.). Mainstream media have also woken up to the energy and change sweeping across the global South, disrupting its regular diet of negative news stories focused around war, disasters and failure (unfortunately, still the majority of what most people see on their TV).

"I liked your latest Southern innovator! Always inspiring.”

"Btw, I really enjoyed reading them, impressive work & a great resource. Looking forward to Issue 6. My best wishes to you & your team at SI.”

"The magazine looks fantastic, great content and a beautiful design!"

Most importantly, it is the young who have told us they ‘get’ Southern Innovator. It portrays a world they know - comfortable with new technologies, looking to solve problems, open to doing things in new ways. And it is that audience that excites us the most: the youth of the global South (Africa’s young population will be a huge contributor to the world's working-age workforce by 2050): they are shaping the new world we live in and seeking a role in it.

On Twitter, comments included: From @CapacityPlus Nice job RT @ActevisCGroup: RT @UNDP: Great looking informative @SouthSouth1 mag on South-South Innovation; @UNDP Great looking informative @SouthSouth1 mag on South-South Innovation; @JeannineLemaire Graphically beautiful & informative @UNDP Southern Innovator mag on South-South Innov.

The phases of this project have been compiled in two e-books and published online here:

Phase 1: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=llSeBQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:6eHzE10XqZIC&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjSlZz3hv_KAhUDNhoKHetuA6EQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

Phase 2: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lK4jBgAAQBAJ&pg=PP4&dq=southern+innovator+compilation+of+documents&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicqc3yhv_KAhVGPxoKHc5KC08Q6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=southern%20innovator%20compilation%20of%20documents&f=false

Phase 3: Scale-up Southern Innovator by seeking funding and support.

Citations

Autonomous Systems in the Intelligence Community: Many Possibilities and Challenges by Jenny R. Holzer, PhD, and Franklin L. Moses, PhD, Studies in Intelligence Vol 59, No. 1 (Extracts, March 2015)

Chile in Transition: Prospects and Challenges for Latin America's Forerunner of Development by Roland Benedikter and Katja Siepmann, Springer, 2015

Edible Insects and the Future of Food: A Foresight Scenario Exercise on Entomophagy and Global Food Security by Dominic Glover and Alexandra Sexton, Institute of Development Studies, King’s College London, Evidence Report No 149, September 2015
   
Export Now: Five Keys to Entering New Markets by Frank Lavin and Peter Cohan, John Wiley & Sons, 2011

High-level Committee on South-South Cooperation Seventeenth Session: Framework of operational guidelines on United Nations support to South-South and triangular cooperation: Note by the Secretary-General, 22-25 May 2012, New York

New Directions in Children’s and Adolescents’ Information Behavior Research edited by Dania Bilal and Jamshid Beheshti, Emerald Group Publishing, 2014

Recasting 'truisms' of low carbon technology cooperation through innovation systems: insights from the developing world by Alexandra Mallett, Innovation and Development, 5:2, 297-311, DOI: 10.1080/2157930X.2015.1049851, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2015

A Sociological Approach to Health Determinants by Toni Schofield, Cambridge University Press, 2016

Strategic Framework of the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation, 2014-2017, Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Population Fund and the United Nations Office for Project Services, 27 to 31 January 2014, New York

Wearing Your Map on Your Sleeve: Practices of Identification in the Creation and Consumption of Philippine Map T-shirts by Pamela Gloria Cajilig, paper presented at the 6th Global Conference (2014): Fashion: Exploring Critical Issues, Mansfield College, Oxford, United Kingdom, 15th to 18th September 2014

Youth Empowered as Catalysts for Sustainable Human Development: UNDP Youth Strategy 2014-2017, United Nations Development Programme, Bureau for Development Policy

The first five issues of Southern Innovator from 2011 to 2014. Called a "Beautiful, inspiring magazine from UNDP on South-South innovation." GOSH Child Health Portal 2001-2003

As the information technology revolution swept across the world, it was clear the UK had a lot of catching up to do. This was no more apparent than in its National Health Service (NHS). The Government at the time set about a Modernisation Plan for the NHS, based on widespread public consultation, with a significant component centered around communicating better. The Internet offered a great opportunity to rectify gaps in communication with patients, their families and professionals.

I was hired to lead a two-year project to radically transform access to online resources for the UK’s top children’s hospital and child health research institute. In order for this to effectively use the available resources, and to build public and professional confidence, a clear strategy was required, while the use of modern design was crucial to upgrading the brand image for the 21st century and maintaining relevance in the online age.

In order to do this, rapid prototyping was used to develop and test content and respond to users. At every stage of the project, each milestone was communicated, not only using in-house media but with the wider UK media.

The award-winning content was praised for its quality and how much it inspired others in the UK public and charity sector when developing their own online resources. The website drew praise for its content, design and accessibility.

Guardian: In 2003, the UK’s Guardian newspaper called the Children First website one of the “three most admired websites in the UK public and voluntary sectors.”

Cable and Wireless Childnet Award: Called Children First “an outstanding example of how a hospital can create quality, authoritative information on issues relating to health in a fun, child-centered and accessible way.”

The Times: In 2006, The Times of London called Children First the Top Child Health Website in its Wellbeing on the Web: The Best Portals survey (November 11, 2006).

Prime Minister Tony Blair: “Making sure that your child has helpful, easy-to-read information will make a significant difference to their time in hospital. I am sure that this website will prove very useful for children and their families.”
UK Government:

The project’s three phases can be reviewed online here:

Phase 1: http://www.scribd.com/doc/47241951/GOSH-Child-Health-Portal-Project-Phase-1a

Phase 2: http://www.scribd.com/doc/47242473/GOSH-Child-Health-Portal-Project-Phase-2a

Phase 3: http://www.scribd.com/doc/47242267/GOSH-Child-Health-Portal-Project-Phase-3

Citations

GOSH Child Health Portal Phase 1a by David South, 2003

GOSH Child Health Portal Phase 1b by David South, 2003

GOSH Child Health Portal Phase 2a by David South, 2003

GOSH Child Health Portal Phase 2b by David South, 2003

GOSH Child Health Portal Phase 3 by David South, 2003
 

GOSH Project Launch Brochure and Screen Grabs, 2001-2003 by David South, 2003
 
The Great Ormond Street Hospital Manual of Children's Nursing Practices by Susan Macqueen, Elizabeth Bruce and Faith Gibson, John Wiley & Sons, 2012

Help! My Child's in Hospital by Becky Wauchope, Marbec Family Trust, 2012

Oxford Desk Reference: Nephrology by Jonathan Barratt, Peter Topham and Kevin P. G. Harris, Oxford University Press, 2008

Research Review 2001: A Year of Excellence and Innovation, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, 2001

Research Review 2002: Building on Success, Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, 2002 

UNDP Mongolia Communications Office 1997-1999

As Head of Communications for the UN mission in Mongolia during a major crisis (1997 to 1999) (called at the time the largest post-WWII, peacetime economic collapse) (Pomfret 2000)*, I was able to use a clear strategy to transform access to information and resources on the country’s development. By quickly embracing the newly emerging benefits of Internet technology, the mission was able to communicate what it was doing in a timely fashion, and become a source for the latest updates on Mongolia’s development challenges, not only to the wider global development community but also to international and Mongolian media. By being transparent in the face of a crisis, hundreds of stories were followed up on by the media. A sample of stories were eventually published in the UN book In Their Own Words: Selected Writings by Journalists on Mongolia, 1997-1999 (ISBN 99929-5-043-9).

In order to bring greater focus to the rapidly growing UN mission and also to better meet Mongolia’s needs in a major crisis, a Communications Office was established and a highly talented team assembled. The Office acted as a strategic hub to lead on communicating and meeting Mongolia’s crisis needs while also serving as a role model and champion for publishing and design, including for the Internet. As an example, an ad by the Office regularly ran in local media declaring the Office was “Where the Steppe Meets the Internet” (www.un-mongolia.mn).

The UN conducted a global survey in 2000 and placed the award-winning website launched and overseen by the Office as third-best in the world and had this to say: “A UN System site. A very nice, complete, professional site. Lots of information, easily accessible and well laid out. The information is comprehensive and up-to-date. This is a model of what a UNDP CO web site should be.”

UN Mongolia Annual Report (1998), editor and designer. Called by Under-Secretary-General Nafis Sadik “a clear, well-written, attractive and colourful report.”

In 2001, the UN was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for “their work for a better organized and more peaceful world”. Communications achievements, such as above, were cited as a reason for the Prize.

The work has also been documented in numerous works of journalism, academic papers and books, including Wild East: Travels in the New Mongolia (ISBN 1459645782, 9781459645783) and Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists (ISBN 0520938623, 9780520938625).

Proof, if there ever was, that transparency and a clear strategy in a crisis will pay off dividends in the end. Don’t fear getting the message out but do it with a clear idea of what your objectives are.

*Transition and Democracy in Mongolia by Richard Pomfret, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 52, No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 149-160, published by Taylor & Francis, Ltd. (http://www.jstor.org/stable/153756?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents)

Citations

Dateline Mongolia: An American Journalist in Nomad’s Land by Michael Kohn, RDR Books, 2006, ISBN 1-57143-155-1

The Devil and the Disappearing Sea: A True Story About the Aral Sea Catastrophe by Robert Ferguson, Raincoast Books, 2003, ISBN 1-55192-599-0

The Horse-head Fiddle and the Cosmopolitan Reimagination of Mongolia by Peter K. Marsh, Taylor and Francis, 2008, ISBN 041597156X, 9780415971560

Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists by Morris Rossabi, University of California Press, 2005, ISBN 0-520-24399-4

Mongolian Rock and Pop: In Our Own Voice (in Mongolian), ISBN 99929-5-018-8

Wild East: Travels in the New Mongolia by Jill Lawless, ECW Press, 2000, ISBN 1-55022-434-4 (www.wildeast.ca)

Blue Sky Bulletin

Bounty from the Sheep: Autobiography of a Herdsman by Tserendashiin Namkhainiambuu, Inner Asia Book Series, White Horse, 2000

Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists by Morris Rossabi, University of California Press, 2005

Mongols from Country to City: Floating Boundaries, Pastoralism and City Life in the Mongol Lands edited by Ole Bruun and Li Narangoa, Issue 34 of NIAS Studies in Asian Topics, Nordisk Institut for Asienstudier, NIAS Press, 2006

Ger Magazine

A Complete Guide on Celebrations, Festivals and Holidays around the World by Sarah Whelan, Asteroid Content, 2015

Gale Directory of Publications and Broadcast Media by Jeff Summer, Gale Group, 2001

Mongol Survey, Issue 8, The Society, 2001

Mongolian Culture and Society in the Age of Globalization by Henry G. Schwarz (editor), Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, 2006

Nations in Transition: Mongolia by Jennifer L. Hanson, Infobase Publishing, 2003

Teen Life in Asia by Judith J. Slater, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004

World Press Encyclopedia: A Survey of Press Systems Worldwide, Volume 1 by Amanda C. Quick, Gale Group, 2003

Human Development Report Mongolia 1997

Change in Democratic Mongolia: Social Relations, Health, Mobile Pastoralism, and Mining, 2012

Curbing Corruption in Asian Countries: An Impossible Dream? by Jon S. T. Quah, Emerald Group Publishing, 2011

Diseases of Globalization: Socioeconomic Transition and Health by Christine McMurray and Roy Smith, Routledge, 2013

Economic Institutions and Democratic Reform: A Comparative Analysis of Post-communist Countries by Ole Norgaard, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000

Educational Import: Local Encounters with Global Forces in Mongolia by Gita Steiner-Khamsi and Ines Stolpe, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006

Group Behaviour and Development: Is the Market Destroying Cooperation? by Judith Heyer, Frances Stewart, Rosemary Thorp, OUP Oxford, 2002

Higher Education in the Developing World: Changing Contexts and Institutional Responses by David W. Chapman and Ann E. Austin, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002

Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists by Morris Rossabi, University of California Press, 2005

Precious Steppe: Mongolian Nomadic Pastoralists in Pursuit of the Market by Ole Bruun, Lexington Books, 2008

Rethinking Development in East Asia: From Illusory Miracle to Economic Crisis by Pietro Masina, Routledge, 2012

Mongolia Update 1998

Bounty from the Sheep: Autobiography of a Herdsman by Tserendashiin Namkhainiambuu, Inner Asia Book Series, White Horse, 2000

Selection and Preparation of Australian Expatriates and Business People for Postings in Mongolia by Gantsetseg O’Brien and Greg Trotman, Department of Marketing, International Business and Tourism, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia, Working Paper 99/3, December 1999. Website: http://research.usc.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/usc:2914

Semi-Presidentialism Outside Europe: A Comparative Study edited by Robert Elgie and Sophia Moestrup, Routledge, 2007

Transition and Democracy in Mongolia by Richard Pomfret, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 52, No. 1, 2000, 149-160. Website: http://www.jstor.org/pss/153756

www.un-mongolia.mn

Asian Perspective, Volume 25, Insitute for Far Eastern Studies, Kyung Nam University, 2001

Modern Mongolia: Reclaiming Genghis Khan, An Exhibit of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

Rethinking Development in East Asia: From Illusory Miracle to Economic Crisis by Pietro Masina, Routledge, 2012
 
Tulsa Journal of Comparative & International Law, Volume 7, 1999


Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.